![]() Configurar tipos de fuentes y estilos en impresoras matriciales Epson. En cualquier sistema empresarial actual aún es normal que se necesite imprimir comprobantes pre- impresos con impresoras de tipo matriz de punto, cuya calidad de impresión puede ser personalizada ajustando los tipos de fuentes y los estilos de impresión. Como en muchos casos las impresoras utilizadas para este tipo de aplicaciones son de la marca Epson, principalmente LX- 3. II, en este artículo se documenta el procedimiento a seguir para configurar los estilos y fuentes de impresión desde la consola de comandos Linux, y desde un servidor de aplicaciones OAS (Oracle Application Server). ![]() Impresoras de Tickets TPV Seypos y Epson. Elsi, Mayorista de Terminal Punto Venta. TPVs e importador de informática. Receipt printer and cash drawer configuration and settings. Terminal configuration Epson. PREPL1300 EPSON C11CD81303: IMP EPSON L1300 MONOFUNCION A3 Impresora de tinta continua Epson L1300. Desde la consola. Para realizar este tipo de configuraciones sin la intervención del usuario, las mismas pueden ser enviadas remotamente a las impresoras desde la consola de comandos del sistema operativo. Estos comandos son secuencias de caracteres de control que las impresoras reconocen y diferencian del contenido de impresión, para posteriormente interpretarlos y modificar su configuración a medida que los va recibiendo. En entornos de tipo Unix- like, las secuencias de caracteres de control deben ser enviadas a las impresoras en formato hexadecimal. Básicamente se envía una cadena de caracteres a la entrada estándar del comando lp con el comando echo, el parámetro - d del comando lp permite definir cual será la impresora en la que se enviará la impresión. A continuación se verán algunos ejemplos: Para configurar el estilo de impresión de texto a Negrita tenemos que enviar el siguiente comando a una impresora matricial registrada en el sistema operativo: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 45' | lp - d lpgabriel. El primer código hexadecimal \x. B es un comando de escape que le indica a la impresora que se prepare para recibir una configuración específica, que en este caso es el comando hexadecimal siguiente \x. OBS: Con la tubería (pipe, |) el comando echo pasa a la impresora los comandos de configuración en formato hexadecimal. Los argumentos e y n (- en) del comando echo activan la interpretación de las barras invertidas y remueven el salto de nueva línea (del comando echo) respectivamente. También podemos indicarle a la impresora para que realice un salto de línea de la siguiente manera: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 0A' | lp - d lpgabriel. Si queremos cambiar el tipo letra que por defecto suele ser Draft o Draft Condensed a Roman o Saint Serif, primero debemos habilitar el uso de fuentes NLQ (Near Letter Quality) con el siguiente comando: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 78\x. 01' | lp - d lpgabriel. Luego indicarle el tipo de fuente NLQ a usar, para Roman se usa el siguiente comando: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 6B\x. 00' | lp - d lpgabriel. Y para Saint Serif el siguiente: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 6B\x. 01' | lp - d lpgabriel. Si queremos volver a configurar la impresora para Draft y Draft Condensed tenemos que desactivar el uso de fuentes NLQ de la siguiente forma: testsrv: ~ # echo - en '\x. B\x. 78\x. 00' | lp - d lpgabriel. Estos son solo algunos ejemplos de comandos que permiten configurar las impresoras matriciales Epson, otros comandos y sus funciones se encuentran detallados en los documentos enlazados al final del artículo. Mediante Oracle Report Builder y Oracle Application Server (OAS)Como suelo trabajar con Report Builder de Oracle, se presentó la necesidad de imprimir comprobantes pre- impresos con una fuente distinta y mucho más oscura, para lo cual la fuente Roman con el estilo Negrita era la opción recomendada. Para entrar en contexto, el escenario que me tocó es el siguiente: Un servidor de reportes Oracle Report Server, que es un módulo del OAS (Oracle Application Server) instalado en un servidor Linux. Las impresoras físicas de matriz de punto conectadas a computadoras de escritorio (Windows o Linux) y compartidas en red. Las impresoras remotas montadas en el servidor OAS mediante Samba (smb), y configuradas como impresoras de texto plano. Con este escenario los comandos o secuencias de control se tienen que enviar desde el servidor de reportes en Linux a las impresoras remotas. La solución recomendada para estos casos es agregar las secuencias de caracteres de control a un archivo utilizado para configurar la salida de impresión en el servidor de reportes. Estos archivos llevan la extensión . Para que los reportes utilicen la definición de un archivo . DESFORMAT durante el periodo de diseño del reporte en Oracle Report Builder, o bien incluirlo en tiempo de ejecución en la lista de parámetros del procedimiento que llama al reporte en un formulario diseñado con Oracle Forms Builder. Ahora, ¿donde se encuentran los archivos de definición . Pues eso depende de la instalación del servidor de reportes, lo que si es seguro es que los archivos tienen que encontrarse dentro de los directorios especificados en el PATH del servidor para que cuando se ejecute el reporte lo encuentre sin problemas y pueda aplicar el formato de impresión. En el caso del IAS 9i (Internet Application Server de Oracle) los archivos se encuentran en el directorio /ias/6iserver/report. OAS 1. 0g (Oracle Application Server) se encuentran en el directorio /oracle/app/oracle/product/midtier/reports/printers/. A continuación se presenta el contenido de ejemplo de un archivo . B)hex(0. 0). return "". J)Con las directivas height y width se indica al servicio de impresión del OAS (porque el OAS tiene sus propias definiciones de impresoras . Luego, seguido de la directiva before report van todos los comandos hexadecimales que permiten configurar la impresora matricial Epson antes de imprimir el contenido del reporte. A continuación se aclara cada conjunto de comandos del ejemplo: esc hex(3. Le indica a la impresora que utilice un interlineado de 8 líneas por pulgada (1/8), ya que por defecto estas impresoras vienen configuradas en 1/6, o lo que sería lo mismo, 6 líneas por pulgada. Cancela el estilo cursiva si es que estuviese activado. Aplica un estilo general de impresión donde el valor 0. En realidad bien podría haber sido el valor en hexadecimal 0. Fija la longitud de la página en 2. Configura a la impresora en 1. Esta secuencia de control configura la impresora para que el estilo de la fuente sea negrita. Configura la impresora para que use letras de tipo NLQ (Near Letter Quality) en reemplazo de letras de tipo borrador como Draft y Draft Condensed. B)hex(0. 0): Esta secuencia sirve para seleccionar la letra Roman del tipo NLQ (Near Letter Quality). Todos estos comandos llevan el carácter de escape esc, que antecede a todos los códigos hexadecimales. Para mayor información acerca de estos y otros caracteres de escape les recomiendo consultar los documentos enlazados al final de este artículo. Para el caso en que el servidor OAS y el runtime de ejecución de los reportes estuviese instalado en un sistema operativo Windows, la disposición de las directivas del archivo . Linux. El contenido del archivo anterior de ejemplo quedaría como sigue: printer "comprobantes". B)hex(0. 0). return "". J)Documentos útiles. Los comandos para configurar las impresoras matriciales Epson mencionados en este artículo y varios otros más se encuentran documentos en los siguientes enlaces, de los cuales ya se ha hablado en otra entrada que pueden encontrar entre los enlaces del resumen de guías. Actualización 1. 6/0. He publicado un *nuevo artículo sobre impresiones matriciales desde Oracle Reports* que tiene mucha relación con lo tratado en este artículo. Pueden visitarlo desde el siguiente enlace: URL: Impresión matricial con comandos ESC/P desde Oracle Reports.
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![]() ![]() ![]() PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor [4], plus connu sous son sigle PHP (acronyme récursif), est un langage de programmation libre [5], principalement utilisé pour produire. Saving Form Data to Google Spreadsheets Using PHP and the Google Docs APIThe general idea is to read a Google Spreadsheet through PHP and save user submitted form data via the Google Documents List Data API. By doing this, you can quickly view all the submissions at a glance and you are also able to export CSV files of the data. Using Google Docs gives you and your clients a quick and easy interface to interact with form data. I’ve written a small PHP helper class to assist with the whole process (PHP5). You are going to need the following: First you should login to Google Docs using your existing Google account. Once logged in you will want to create a new spreadsheet document, you will be immediately taken to a spreadsheet interface. Lets start off by creating some column field names on row #1: nameemailcomments. ![]() Make sure to save your spreadsheet and give it a name, you will need to use the spreadsheet name in the code below. The following is a basic example of using the Google_Spreadsheet PHP helper class. Zend library include path. Would you like to upgrade to Joomla 2.5 - or even go straight to Joomla 3.x? A few months ago, I was still using Joomla 1.5. After several hack attempts, I was. Jeder kennt das Problem, aus irgendeinem Grund wurden Wörter in der falschen Kodierung in die Datenbank geschrieben. Wenn das passiert ist, kann man daran erkennen. Zend Framework 2 Installation On Xampp Mysql Cannot ConnectZend Framework 2 Installation On Xampp Mysql PasswordPATH_SEPARATOR . "$_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]/Zend. Gdata- 1. 8. 1/library"). Google_Spreadsheet. Google_Spreadsheet($u,$p). Spreadsheet("My Spreadsheet"). Sheet. 1" is assumed. Worksheet("worksheet. Name"). "name" => "John Doe". Hello world". if ($ss- > add. Row($row)) echo "Form data successfully stored using Google Spreadsheet". Error, unable to store spreadsheet data". In this next example, I’ve added an additional column to the spreadsheet (id). The id column is used as a unique identifier in order to be able to update the row at a later point; you can use any column as the identifier, such as the email column. Zend library include path. PATH_SEPARATOR . "$_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]/Zend. Gdata- 1. 8. 1/library"). Google_Spreadsheet. Google_Spreadsheet($u,$p). Spreadsheet("My Spreadsheet"). Worksheet("wks. 2"). John Doe". , "email" => "john@example. Hello world". if ($ss- > add. Row($row)) echo "Form data successfully stored". Error, unable to store data". John Q Doe". if ($ss- > update. Row($row,"id=".$id)) echo "Form data successfully updated". Error, unable to update spreadsheet data". If you need to get row data …. Zend library include path. PATH_SEPARATOR . "$_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]/Zend. Gdata- 1. 8. 1/library"). Google_Spreadsheet. Google_Spreadsheet($u,$p). Spreadsheet("My Spreadsheet"). Worksheet("wks. 2"). Rows("id=zd. 92cd. Error, unable to get spreadsheet data". Rows('name="John Doe"'). Error, unable to get spreadsheet data". If you need to delete row data (courtesy of dmon) …. Zend library include path. PATH_SEPARATOR . "$_SERVER[DOCUMENT_ROOT]/Zend. Gdata- 1. 8. 1/library"). Google_Spreadsheet. Google_Spreadsheet($u,$p). Spreadsheet("My Spreadsheet"). Sheet. 1" is assumed. Worksheet("worksheet. Name"). if ($ss- > delete. Row('name="John Q Doe"')) echo "Form data successfully deleted". Error, unable to delete data". Exception $e). echo $e- > get. Message(). Download. Google Spreadsheet PHP Helper Class, this project is on github. Escritos de Fernando Macedo e Thais Barros: Palavras 2. Avidemux Alternatives and Similar Software. XMedia Recode can convert nearly all popular audio and video formats including 3. GP, 3. GPP, 3. 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Past Lives Of The Rich And Famous Pdf FilesIn 1. 99. 3, the poverty line was updated to $1. PPP exchange rate, which is the line we use in this paper. Poverty lines have always existed—indeed $1 per day was chosen in part because of its proximity to the poverty lines used by many poor countries.
Introduction Most of the people on this page made their millions by preaching the Prosperity doctrine, which is the Word-Faith/Positive Confession movement applied to. However the $1- a- day poverty line has come to dominate the conversations about poverty to a remarkable extent. But how actually does one live on less than $1 per day? This essay is about the economic lives of the extremely poor: the choices they face, the constraints they grapple with, and the challenges they meet. The available evidence on the economic lives of the extremely poor is incomplete in many important ways. However, a number of recent data sets and a body of new research have added a lot to what we know about their lives, and taken together there is enough to start building an image of the way the extremely poor live their lives. Our discussion of the economic lives of the extremely poor builds on household surveys conducted in 1. Table 1: Cote d’Ivoire, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, South Africa, Tanzania, and Timor Leste (East Timor). We mainly use the Living Standard Measurement Surveys (LSMS) conducted by the World Bank and the “Family Life Surveys” conducted by the Rand Corporation, all of which are publicly available. In addition, we also use two surveys that we conducted in India with our collaborators. The first was carried out in 2. Udaipur District, Rajasthan (Banerjee, Deaton, and Duflo, 2. Udaipur is one of the poorer districts of India, with a large tribal population and an unusually high level of female illiteracy. At the time of the 1. Udaipur.) Our second survey covered 2,0. Hyderabad, the capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh and one of the boomtowns of post- liberalization India (Banerjee, Duflo, and Glennerster, 2. We chose these countries and surveys because they provide detailed information on extremely poor households around the world, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, including information on what they consume, where they work, and how they save and borrow. To flesh out our main themes further, we also draw freely on the existing research literature. From each of these surveys we identified the extremely poor as those living in households where the consumption per capita is less than $1. PPP) as benchmark. In keeping with convention, we call these the $1 and $2 dollar poverty lines, respectively. The use of consumption, rather than income, is motivated by the better quality of the consumption data in these surveys (Deaton, 2. Table 1 provides some background information on these surveys. It lists the countries, and the source of the survey data. It also lists the sample sizes: the numbers and the proportions of the extremely poor and the poor in each survey. The fraction of individuals living under $1 dollar per day in the survey vary from 2 percent in Panama to 4. Udaipur, and the fraction living under $2 per day varies from 6 percent in Panama to 8. Udaipur. All the numbers discussed in this paper and detailed results are available in an appendix that appears with the on- line version of this article at 〈http: //www. The way in which we identify the poor does raise questions. Purchasing power parity exchange rates, which are essential to compute a “uniform” poverty line, have been criticized as inadequate, infrequently updated, and inapplicable to the consumption of the extremely poor (Deaton, 2. Prices are typically higher in urban than in rural areas, and even in rural areas, the poor may pay different prices than everyone else. Also, reporting periods vary significantly from survey to survey and this has been shown to affect systematically what people report. But while these issues are obviously serious for counting the exact number of the poor, they may affect the conclusions of this essay less because instead of counting the poor, we are describing what their lives look like. Misclassifying some households should not change anything very important about the averages we observe in the data, unless both the number affected are very large and those artificially moved into or out of poverty by changes in the poverty line are very different than the other poor. It turns out that most of our conclusions do not change if we look at the poor rather than the extremely poor, which is reassuring. Nevertheless, we cannot entirely rule out the possibility that our results may be different with a different poverty line. We also assume that the people we are describing as the poor are long- term poor, in the sense that their permanent income is actually close to their observed consumption. If the poor people we observe are just making a brief transition through poverty, then some of the behaviors that we will observe (such as lack of savings) would be less puzzling, and others (like the lack of assets) would be much more so. We feel that this assumption is a reasonable one in most of the countries, since the fraction of the population below $2. Thus, it is unlikely that many of these people are just temporarily poor. However, for this reason, the poor in Panama, where only 6 percent of the population is poor, or in South Africa, where 1. The Living Arrangements of the Poor. The typical extremely poor family tends to be large, at least by the standards of today’s high- income countries. The number of family members varies between about six and twelve, with a median value (across the different countries) of between seven and eight, compared to 2. U. S. census, for example. Not all surveys report fertility rates, which would be the ideal way to distinguish whether these high numbers result from the average woman having a lot of children, or if it results from an extended family living together. However, the data does give broad measures of the age structure in these families (the number of those below 1. The number of adults (over age 1. This finding is common in the literature on developing countries. When every penny counts, it helps to spread the fixed costs of living, like housing, over a larger number of people. Consistent with this view, family size is larger for the extremely poor than for the entire group below $2 a day, on the order of one half of one person or more, though at least some part of this difference is because extremely poor families have more children living with them. These families also have a large number of children. This fact does not necessarily imply high levels of fertility, as families often have multiple adult women. When we look at the number of children (ages 0 to 1. This ratio cannot be interpreted as a fertility rate, because for example, a 5. A more useful exercise with this data is to compare the number of young people (those below 1. The ratio varies between three and nine in the rural sample, with a median of six, and between two and eleven in the urban sample, again with a median around six. The corresponding ratio in the United States is around one. The poor of the world are very young. One reason the population is young is that there are a lot of younger people. A complementary reason is that there are very few older people. The ratio of the number older people (over age 5. The corresponding number in the United States is approximately 0. A plausible explanation for this difference might be the higher mortality rates among those who are older and poor in poor countries, but in principle it is possible that it is an artifact of the way we constructed our sample. It could be that older people are underrepresented in our sample because they tend to be richer. But in this case, we might have expected to find more of the older people among the poor (as compared to the extremely poor), whereas the data does not show such a pattern. How the Poor Spend Their Money. A common image of the extremely poor is that they have few real choices to make. Indeed, some people surely work as hard as they can—which may not be particularly hard, because they are underfed and weak and earn barely enough to cover their basic needs, which they always try to fulfill in the least expensive way. COINTELPRO - Wikipedia. COINTELPRO (a portmanteau derived from COunter INTELligence. PROgram) was a series of covert, and often illegal,[1][2] projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting American political organizations.[3]FBI records show that COINTELPRO resources targeted groups and individuals that the FBI deemed subversive,[4] including anti- Vietnam War organizers, activists of the Civil Rights Movement or Black Power movement (e. Martin Luther King, Jr. Black Panther Party), feminist organizations, independence movements (such as Puerto Rican independence groups like the Young Lords), and a variety of organizations that were part of the broader New Left. FBI Director. J. Edgar Hoover issued directives governing COINTELPRO, ordering FBI agents to "expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, neutralize or otherwise eliminate" the activities of these movements and especially their leaders.[5][6] Under Hoover, the agent in charge of COINTELPRO was William C. Sullivan.[7] Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy personally authorized some of the programs.[8] Although Kennedy only gave written approval for limited wiretapping of Martin Luther King's phones "on a trial basis, for a month or so",[9] Hoover extended the clearance so his men were "unshackled" to look for evidence in any areas of King's life they deemed worthy.[1. History[edit]Centralized operations under COINTELPRO officially began in August 1. Communist Party U. S. A. (CPUSA). Tactics included anonymous phone calls, IRS audits, and the creation of documents that would divide the American communist organization internally.[1. An October 1. 95. Hoover reclassified the FBI's ongoing surveillance of black leaders, including it within COINTELPRO, with the justification that the movement was infiltrated by communists.[1. In 1. 95. 6, Hoover sent an open letter denouncing Dr. T. R. M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South.[1. When the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an African- American civil rights organization, was founded in 1. FBI began to monitor and target the group almost immediately, focusing particularly on Bayard Rustin, Stanley Levison, and, eventually, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.[1. After the 1. 96. 3 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Hoover singled out King as a major target for COINTELPRO. Under pressure from Hoover to focus on King, Sullivan wrote: In the light of King's powerful demagogic speech. We must mark him now, if we have not done so before, as the most dangerous Negro of the future in this nation from the standpoint of communism, the Negro, and national security.[1. Soon after, the FBI was systematically bugging King's home and his hotel rooms, as they were now aware that King was growing in stature daily as the leader among leaders of the Civil Rights Movement.[1. In the mid- 1. 96. King began publicly criticizing the Bureau for giving insufficient attention to the use of terrorism by white supremacists. Hoover responded by publicly calling King the most "notorious liar" in the United States.[1. In his 1. 99. 1 memoir, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. Historian Taylor Branch documents an anonymous November 2. FBI that contained audio recordings of King's sexual indiscretions combined with a letter telling him "There is only one way out for you. You better take it before your filthy, abnormal, fraudulent self is bared to the nation." And even by 1. FBI] efforts to 'expose' Martin Luther King, Jr. King had been dead for a year. The Bureau] furnished ammunition to conservatives to attack King's memory, and.. During the same period the program also targeted Malcolm X. While an FBI spokesman has denied that the FBI was "directly" involved in Malcolm's murder, it is documented that the Bureau worked to "widen the rift" between Malcolm and Elijah Muhammad through infiltration and the "sparking of acrimonious debates within the organization," rumor- mongering, and other tactics designed to foster internal disputes, which ultimately led to Malcolm's assassination.[2. The FBI heavily infiltrated Malcolm's Organization of Afro- American Unity in the final months of his life. The Pulitzer Prize- winning biography of Malcolm X by Manning Marable asserts that most of the men who plotted Malcolm's assassination were never apprehended and that the full extent of the FBI's involvement in his death cannot be known.[2. Amidst the urban unrest of July–August 1. FBI began "COINTELPRO–BLACK HATE", which focused on King and the SCLC as well as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), the Deacons for Defense and Justice, Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the Nation of Islam.[2. BLACK HATE established the Ghetto Informant Program and instructed 2. FBI offices to "disrupt, misdirect, discredit, or otherwise neutralize the activities of black nationalist hate type organizations".[2. A March 1. 96. 8 memo stated the program's goal was to "prevent the coalition of militant black nationalist groups"; to "Prevent the RISE OF A 'MESSIAH' who could unify.. Prevent militant black nationalist groups and leaders from gaining RESPECTABILITY, by discrediting them to.. GROWTH of militant black organizations, especially among youth." Dr. King was said to have potential to be the "messiah" figure, should he abandon nonviolence and integrationism; [2. Stokely Carmichael was noted to have "the necessary charisma to be a real threat in this way; " as he was seen as someone who espoused a much more militant vision of "black power."[2. This program coincided with a broader federal effort to prepare military responses for urban riots, and began increased collaboration between the FBI, Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, and the Department of Defense. The CIA launched its own domestic espionage project in 1. Operation CHAOS.[2. A particular target was the Poor People's Campaign, a national effort organized by King and the SCLC to occupy Washington, D. C. The FBI monitored and disrupted the campaign on a national level, while using targeted smear tactics locally to undermine support for the march.[2. Overall, COINTELPRO encompassed disruption and sabotage of the Socialist Workers Party (1. Ku Klux Klan (1. 96. Nation of Islam, the Black Panther Party (1. New Left social/political movement, which included antiwar, community, and religious groups (1. A later investigation by the Senate's Church Committee (see below) stated that "COINTELPRO began in 1. Supreme Court rulings limiting the Government's power to proceed overtly against dissident groups .."[3. Official congressional committees and several court cases[3. COINTELPRO operations against communist and socialist groups exceeded statutory limits on FBI activity and violated constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and association.[1]Program exposed[edit]. The building broken into by the Citizen's Commission to Investigate the FBI, at One Veterans Square, Media, Pennsylvania. The program was successfully kept secret until 1. Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI burgled an FBI field office in Media, Pennsylvania, took several dossiers, and exposed the program by passing this material to news agencies.[3. Many news organizations initially refused to publish the information. Within the year, Director J. Edgar Hoover declared that the centralized COINTELPRO was over, and that all future counterintelligence operations would be handled on a case- by- case basis.[3. Additional documents were revealed in the course of separate lawsuits filed against the FBI by NBC correspondent Carl Stern, the Socialist Workers Party, and a number of other groups. In 1. 97. 6 the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities of the United States Senate, commonly referred to as the "Church Committee" for its chairman, Senator Frank Church of Idaho, launched a major investigation of the FBI and COINTELPRO. Journalists and historians speculate that the government has not released many dossiers and documents related to the program. Many released documents have been partly, or entirely, redacted. Arts and Crafts Movement – Wikipedia. Abschnitt fehlen folgende wichtige Informationen. Du kannst Wikipedia helfen, indem du sie recherchierst und einfügst. ![]() Das Arts and Crafts Movement war eine britische Bewegung in der Kunst und insbesondere im Produktdesign in der Mitte des 1. Jahrhunderts bis etwa 1. Die Arts- and- Crafts- Bewegung entstand in der Mitte des 1. Jahrhunderts und wurde maßgeblich von William Morris, John Ruskin sowie einer Gruppe von Malern, Architekten und anderen Künstlern initiiert. Ruskin untersuchte die Verbindung zwischen Kunst, Gesellschaft und Arbeit, während Morris Ruskins Philosophie in die Praxis umsetzte, indem er großen Wert auf Arbeit legte, sowie die Freude an Handarbeit und natürlicher Schönheit des Materials.[1] Im Zeitalter der maschinellen Produktion wollten sie eine Rückbesinnung auf das Handwerk. Weitere wichtige Vertreter waren neben Morris Walter Crane, Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo, Charles Voysey, Charles Robert Ashbee, Dante Gabriel Rossetti und William Lethaby. Die erste Ausgabe einer Zeitschrift über Kunst erschien im April 1. Titel: The Studio: An Illustrated Magazine of Fine and Applied Art. Charles Holme und Joseph Gleeson White waren die treibende Kraft hinter dem Erscheinen der Zeitschrift 1. C. Lewis Hind leistete Starthilfe. Das Titelblatt der Erstausgabe war von (dem damals noch unbekannten) Aubrey Beardsley entworfen worden.[3] Ihr Hauptanliegen bestand in der Wiedervereinigung von Kunst und Kunsthandwerk mit dem Ziel, die schöpferische Vollwertigkeit des Kunsthandwerks wiederherzustellen.[4]Ihre Blütezeit hatte die Arts- and- Crafts- Bewegung zwischen 1. Schwerpunkte hatte sie in Großbritannien[5] und in den Vereinigten Staaten. Prominente Vertreter waren der Innenarchitekt Charles Rennie Mackintosh, der einen noch heute vielfach hergestellten Stuhl mit hoher Lehne entwarf, und der Schriftsteller und Satiriker Elbert Hubbard. Die Bewegung entstand als Suche nach einem authentischen Stil für das 1. Jahrhundert. Sie war eine Reaktion auf den Historismus der viktorianischen Ära und auf die als „seelenlos“ empfundenen Produkte der aufblühenden Industrie. Von vielen ihrer Vertreter wurden „die Maschinen“ als Wurzel allen Übels angesehen. Daraus ergab sich eine Rückbesinnung auf die Qualitäten des Handwerks. ![]() Um die dem Handwerk angeblich innewohnende Schönheit zum Ausdruck zu bringen, wurde den Objekten ein rustikales und robustes Aussehen gegeben. Die zentralen Merkmale der Arts- and- Crafts- Bewegung – Einfachheit und ernsthafter Umgang mit dem Material – beeinflussten Bewegungen wie Art Nouveau, Wiener Sezession, Wiener Werkstätte, Deutscher Werkbund und Bauhaus. John Ruskin: The Seven Lamps of Architecture. London 1. 84. 9 (dt. Die sieben Leuchter der Baukunst)John Ruskin: The Stones of Venice. London 1. 85. 1 (dt. Steine von Venedig)Hart, Imogen: On the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society. BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth- Century History. Ed. Dino Franco Felluga. Art and Life, and the Building and Decoration of Cities: And the Building and Decoration of Cities. A Series of Lectures by Members of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, delivered at the 5th Exhibition of the Society in 1. Publisher: Rivington, Percival & Co. ![]() London 1. 89. 7. William Morris starb am Eröffnungstag der 5. Ausstellung am 3. 18th Annual Twin Cities Arts & Crafts 20th Century Design Show and Sale Saturday September 23th and Sunday September 24th 2017 Minnesota State Fairgrounds at the. Oktober 1. 89. 6Arts and crafts essays. By members of the Arts and Craft Exhibition Society. With a Preface by William Morris.
Publisher: Rivington, Percival, & Co. London 1. 89. 3. – Essays by: Morris, William: Textiles. Crane, Walter: Of decorative painting and design. Crane, Walter: Of wall papers. Robinson, G. T. Fictiles. Benson, W. A. S.: Metal work. Clarke, Somer: Stone and wood carving. Webb, Stephen: Furniture. Clarke, Somer: Stained glass. Clarke, Somer: Table glass. Morris, William, and Walker, Emery: Printing. Cobden- Sanderson T. J.: Bookbinging—Brown – F. Madox: Of Mural Painting – Sumner, Heywood: Of Sgraffito Work – Robinson G. T.: Of Stucco and Gesso – Lethaby, W. R.: Of Cast Iron – Morris, William: Of Dyeing as an Art – Morris, May: Of Embroidery – Cole, Alan S.: Of Lace – Blomfield, Reginald: Of Book Illustration and Book Decoration – Day, Lewis F.: Of Designs and Working Drawings – Prior, Edward S.: Furniture and the Room – Ricardo, Halsey: Of the Room and Furniture – Blomfield, Reginald: The English Tradition – Lethaby, W. R.: Carpenters’ Furniture – Pollen, J. H.: Of Decorative Furniture – Webb, Stephen: Of Carving – Jackson, T. G.: Intarsia and Inlaid Wood- Work – Webb, Stephen: Woods and other Materials – Turner, Mary E.: Of Modern Embroidery – Morris, May: of Materials – Morris May: Colour – Cole, Alan S.: Stitches and Mechanism – Sedding, John D.: Design – Image, Selwyn: On Designing for the Art of Embroidery.↑The Arts & Crafts Movement in The Victoria & Albert Museum↑„The Studio“ - History↑Die Kunstzeitschrift “The Studio” im Internet Online Es fehlen die Ausgaben 3. Arts and Crafts im Kunstlexikon abgerufen am 2. Mai 2. 01. 1↑History of the Arts & Crafts Society. Tags for Videos / Watch online. Statistical Techniques | Statistical Mechanics. Cb01.uno ex cineblog01 è Gratis! Nessuna registrazione è richiesta. Commentate i film loggandovi con Facebook, Twitter, Google o Disqus. ![]() ![]() The Xtreme Kool Letterz trope as used in popular culture. Certain letterz of the English alphabetz are just "kewler" than others. As such, many peoplez will. This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2000. |
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